A. Household Surfactants
The largest outlet for polyoxyethylene alcohols is in the formulation of cleaners for household and industrial use. They can be
compounded as liquids, powders, pastes, or bars depending upon the specific application: laundry detergent formulations, automatic
dishwashing-machine detergent, hand washing formulations, solid hard-surface (dry powder) formulations, floor cleaner and wax
stripper (liquid) formulations, and waterless hand cleaner formulations.
B. Industrial Surfactants - Textile
Scouring
In the textile-scouring operation for both natural and synthetic fibers, nonionics based on alcohols have played a very important
role. Wool-scouring, cotton kier boiling-off of viscose, and soaping-off are examples of some of the types of scouring operations.
The polyoxyethylene alcohols are normally used in the 0.1 to 1.0% concentration range plus some polyphosphates, silicates, or other
alkali. By use of the nonionic, the scouring time is reduced and soap "curds" are eliminated.
Lubricating
Since the scouring operation removes the fats present in the initial material, materials have to be added back which will serve as
lubricants, softeners, and antistatic agents for the carding, spinning, and weaving operations. Mineral oil and/or vegetable oil are
normally used as lubricants.
Dyeing and Finishing
The largest surfactant-consuming step in cotton processing is the dyeing and finishing step. Polyoxyethylene alcohols play an
important role in this process, owing to their action as penetrants, wetting agents, and dyeing assistants. The mode of action of
dyeing assistance seems to involve the agglomeration of dyestuff molecules into micelles, and polyoxyethylene alcohol serves well in
this capacity.
C. Agricultural
Nonionics are excellent emulsifiers for agricultural sprays because they are unaffected by hard water and by pH changes. The
general types of agricultural sprays are the "ready-to-emulsify" hydrocarbon solutions of various insecticides and plant
toxicants such as DDT, Parathion, Chlordane, Toxaphene, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T esters. Sprays of this type are sold as emulsifiable
concentrates and are usually diluted with water at the time of application. The hydrocarbon is utilized to dilute the toxicant
to safe strength or to keep the material in liquid form. Polyoxyethylene alcohols are very useful in this application.
D. Paper
Polyoxyethylene alcohol finds a number of uses in the paper industry. Rewetting agents such as RIMPRO TA-9.5 are used to improve
the absorbency of wet-strength paper, i.e. paper towel. RIMPRO TA-9.5 is also used for the rapid penetration of treating
solutions into impregnated paper or box board. Polyoxyethylene alcohol is also used in the pulping of old paper, as well as in
the de-inking of old newsprint.
E. Rubber
Polyoxyethylene alcohols are excellent stabilizers for rubber latex during compounding operations.
F. Leather
Normally, leather goes through four basic processing operations - degreasing, tanning, fat-liquoring and finishing. In each
operation the use of a surfactant, particularly the polyoxyethylene alcohol, is helpful.
G. Paints
The use of wetting agents and emulsifiers in the emulsion polymerization of base lattices is well-known. The choice of a particular
surfactant depends on the particular monomer being reacted and the properties desired in the final emulsion. Polyoxyethylene
alcohols, as well as other nonionics, are superior emulsifiers because of their tolerance for hard water.
In paint-formulating operations, stabilized latex emulsions are sometimes subject to coagulation with severe agitation or milling.
The use of polyoxyethylene alcohol such as RIMPRO LA-4 and RIMPRO LA-23 overcomes this problem.
H. Cosmetics
Polyoxyethylene alcohol finds a number of uses in the manufacture of cosmetics raw materials, such as in shampoos, skin cleansers,
skin compatibility, normal flora, antibacterial wash products, most sodium lauryl ether sulfate, and different types of emulsifying
waxes etc.
Need application-specific guidance?
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